The Country Food Similarity Index groups the countries of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen into the Arabian Peninsula food region. In addition, food in Egypt, Mauritania, Pakistan, and Djibouti also have many attributes in common with this region, despite not being located on the Arabian Peninsula. It is one of the 23 world food sub-regions identified by the Index.
Grilled meats, such as kebabs and shawarma, are popular across this region. Rice and flatbreads, like naan, roti, khubz, and pita, are widely consumed there as well. The region’s dishes often incorporate a rich blend of spices, including cinnamon, cardamom, cumin, coriander, and cloves. Their deserts feature ingredients like honey, nuts, and dried fruits. In addition, these countries often eat fresh salads.
Arabian Peninsula’s Most Common Food Ingredients
Grains & Starchy Roots: 1) Wheat, 2) Rice, 3) Potato
Fruits & Vegetables: 1) Tomato, 2) Onion, 3) Date
Meat & Animal Products: 1) Chicken, 2) Saltwater Fish, 3) Beef
Why these ingredients are common in this region
Wheat is native to the Fertile Crescent. Many ancient civilizations relied on wheat as a primary crop. Wheat can thrive in the dry, arid conditions that characterize the Middle East It is commonly used to produce different types of bread, such as flatbreads like pita and traditional loaves.
Dates have been a traditional food source in the Arabian Peninsula for centuries. The date palm is often referred to as the “tree of life” in the Middle East. Dates have been a dietary staple and a symbol of hospitality in Arab culture. The date palm thrives in the sandy loam soils of the region.
Islam is the predominant religion in the Arabian Peninsula. Islamic dietary laws (halal) play a significant role in food choices. Chicken is considered a halal meat, and its consumption aligns with Islamic dietary guidelines. It is perceived as a safer and healthier meat option.
Arabian Peninsula’s Most Unique Food Ingredients
(foods consumed significantly more than the world average)
- Wheat
- Date
- Rice
- Chicken
- Palm Oil
- Lamb
- Potato
- Goat
- Saltwater Fish
- Tomato
Arabian Peninsula Food Region’s Most Representative Country
Each country has its own unique culinary traditions. However, according to the Index, Kuwait has the most representative food in the Arabian Peninsula food region. Kuwait has a history of trade and cultural exchange with various civilizations, including Indian, Persian, and Ottoman influences. This has led to a diverse culinary landscape with a variety of flavors and ingredients.
