Human migration has been one of the most fascinating phenomena shaping our history and genetic diversity. Y-DNA haplogroups, passed exclusively from fathers to sons, offer a unique window into tracing these ancient movements. These current haplogroups, defined by specific mutations on the Y chromosome, are often clustered in certain geographic regions, reflecting the migratory patterns of our ancestors. In this map, only haplogroups with at least 25% of the population and only the two most common haplogroups are displayed .
- Sub-Saharan Africa: At the dawn of humanity, our ancestors originated in Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa is incredibly diverse in terms of Y-DNA haplogroups, reflecting the deep genetic roots of indigenous populations. E is by far the most common haplogroup in the region.
- Europe: Europe has witnessed numerous waves of migration, shaping its genetic landscape. Still, haplogroup R is the common in Europe. The distribution of these haplogroups provides insights into the movements of early farmers, Indo-European expansions.
- Asia: The vastness of Asia encompasses a rich tapestry of genetic diversity. Haplogroup O is prominent in East Asia and Southeast Asia. However, haplogroup R is prevalent in South Asia and Central Asia. In addition, haplogroup J is also quite common in the Middle East.
- The Americas: The peopling of the Americas is a remarkable story of migration and adaptation. Indigenous populations exhibit unique Y-DNA haplogroups, notably haplogroups Q in Native American populations. However, due to immigration from Europe, haplogroup R now dominates South and Central America.
- Oceania: The islands of Oceania present a mosaic of Y-DNA haplogroups, reflecting the diverse origins of Pacific Islanders. Haplogroups like C, O, and M are found across the region. The patterns of haplogroup distribution also highlight the maritime prowess of Austronesian-speaking peoples.
