The Country Food Similarity Index groups the countries of Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Central African Republic into the West Africa food region. In addition, food in Guinea also has many attributes in common with this region. It is one of the 23 world food sub-regions identified by the Index.
The West African food region has a rich and diverse cuisine. Starches like cassava, yams, and plantains are staples in many of their meals. Their cuisines are characterized by flavorful sauces and stews, with peanut and palm oil lending their distinct tastes. Proximity to the coast contributes to a prominent role for fish. Additionally, the use of unique ingredients such as okra, melons, and a variety of leafy greens enhances the nutritional value and complexity of this tropical region’s cuisine.
West Africa’s Most Common Food Ingredients
Grains & Starchy Roots: 1) Cassava, 2) Yam, 3) Rice
Fruits & Vegetables: 1) Banana, 2) Tomato, 3) Pineapple
Meat & Animal Products: 1) Saltwater Fish, 2) Chicken, 3) Freshwater Fish
Why these ingredients are common in this region
Yams were domesticated in West Africa thousands of years ago. They are well-suited to warm climates, especially regions near the equator. Yams are sensitive to changes in day length, and they thrive in regions with relatively consistent day lengths throughout the year.
Bananas and plantains are rich in essential nutrients. They provide a quick and convenient source of energy, making them a valuable part of the West African diet. They thrive in the tropical climate of West Africa. As a result, they are often incorporated into traditional dishes in the region.
With the exception of Central African Republic, countries in the West Africa food region all border the Atlantic Ocean. These coastal waters provide an abundant source of fish. Fishing is often conducted on a small scale to meet the daily food needs of local communities.
West Africa’s Most Unique Food Ingredients
(foods consumed significantly more than the world average)
- Yam
- Cassava
- Banana
- Corn
- Taro
- Sorghum
- Pineapple
- Palm Oil
- Saltwater Fish
- Okra
West Africa Food Region’s Most Representative Country
While each country and ethnic group has its unique culinary traditions, according to the Index, Ghana is the country with the most representative food in the West Africa region. Like most countries in the region, cassava and yams are its two most consumed starches while bananas and pineapples are its two most commonly eaten fruits.